Coca-Cola makes a big deal about its recipe being a closely-guarded secret, going as far to say that it’s locked in a high-security vault in Atlanta (pictured). But in 2011, This American Life published what it believed to be the recipe, found in a 130-year-old notebook belonging to the inventor's best friend. The drink's 15 ingredients include cinnamon, neroli, coriander and nutmeg oil. Coca-Cola insisted, if anything, this was an old recipe.
Pemberton’s inspiration for the drink was a popular concoction called Vin Mariani, invented in France. It was a mixture of Bordeaux red wine and cocaine. This poster pictured here, from 1895, shows how it was marketed as a tonic that "fortifies and refreshes the body and brain". However, the US, especially the Deep South, was in the midst of an anti-alcohol movement. This gave Pemberton the idea of creating a drink for those who were abstinent.
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The name Coca-Cola was born out of two components of the drink: cocaine which was derived from the coca plant and caffeine from the kola nut (alliteration was deemed to be more marketable). The logo hasn’t changed much since 1886, aside from a few tweaks. The Spencerian font first used is still evident in today’s design – the most noticeable addition was the wavy underline in 1969. This advert was published in Family Circle magazine, in July 1953.
When the famous Coca-Cola bottle was first introduced, it was a landmark moment for the brand because it was originally only available from soda fountains. The place pictured is Jacobs' Pharmacy in Atlanta where Coca-Cola was first sold. In 1899, three businessmen – Benjamin Thomas, Joseph Whitehead and John Lupton – bought the rights to bottle Coca-Cola for just $1 (77p).
In 1915, owner Candler set up a competition to create a bottle design that would distinguish Coca-Cola from its competitors. The winner was The Root Glass Company based in Terre Haute, Indiana. The bottle’s bulbous design was modelled on a cocoa bean – an ingredient incorrectly believed to be in Coca-Cola. This image shows how the bottle's design has changed from 1899 to 2007.
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Not only was Coca-Cola one of the first brands to devise a modern way of bottling its product, it was also an early adopter of multi-packs. Noticing a trend in shoppers buying more than one bottle at a time, in 1923 it introduced six-packs so consumers could carry multiple glass bottles home without them smashing. This advert was published in The Ladies Home Journal in 1948.
It’s a common myth Coca-Cola invented the image of Santa Claus as we know it today. Santa had been portrayed as a man dressed in red as early as 1870. However, Christmas adverts, such as this famous 1931 one by artist Haddon Sundblom, did improve his friendly and rosy-cheeked image.
Looking to become the biggest fast food chain in America, McDonald's chief Ray Kroc approached Coca-Cola in 1955 to create a partnership with the already well-established soda brand. One meeting and a handshake later and the pair haven’t looked back. In the early days McDonald’s used Coca-Cola’s offices to get up and running and McDonald’s is now Coca-Cola’s biggest customer. Pictured is a McDonald’s advert from 1975.
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Tab (pictured) – with its shiny pink cans and adverts with a bikini-clad Elle Macpherson – came out in 1963 and was Coca-Cola’s first diet soda. While Diet Coke was brought out in 1982 and has gone on to be wildly successful, Tab still has a cult following, even though it's harder to find in stores. Apparently, Tab's taste is more enjoyable because it isn’t trying to mimic sugar.
Fancy Coca-Cola in the morning? In the 1980s, the brand tried to convince people they did. There was a media storm reporting figures that suggested people were swapping their morning coffees for a cool and fizzy caffeine fix. A Los Angeles Times article wrote that only agrarian societies enjoyed hot bitter drinks in the morning. However, the PR campaign failed because people couldn't be persuaded it was normal to wake up with soda.
The 1980s was a particularly exciting time for the brand, with Coca-Cola becoming the first soft drink to be consumed in space. In 1985, astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger drank the fizzy drink from special Coca-Cola space cans.
Coca-Cola claims that its name is the second most-understood term in the world, with more than 94% of people recognising it. The top term is ‘okay’. Equally impressive, the red and white logo is reportedly recognised by more than 90% of the world’s population. Here it is on a billboard in Piccadilly Circus, London.
It isn’t hard to see why Coca-Cola is so well-recognised. It's estimated that the average person around the world drinks a Coca-Cola product – whether that's Coke, Sprite or Fanta – every four days. We truly are a globe of soda addicts.
Coca-Cola’s largest fan base is in Mexico, where the average person drinks more than 700 servings per year – that’s nearly double what Americans drink. Its popularity began around the same time that Coca-Cola sponsored the Mexico City Olympics and World Cup in the early 1970s.
Having conquered the world, Coca-Cola has got its sights set on other galaxies next... sort of. The drinks company is launching space-inspired Coca-Cola Starlight which it says, "combines great Coca-Cola taste with a dash of the unexpected, including a reddish hue. Its taste includes additional notes reminiscent of stargazing around a campfire, as well as a cooling sensation that evokes the feeling of a cold journey to space." It'll be available for a limited time only across North America and in select countries globally.