Now a staple of fast food culture in America and beyond, the drive-thru has been on quite the journey. What began as a modest burger shack with a drive-up window has since burgeoned into the flashy, tech-savvy joints ubiquitous across the globe today. In these nostalgic snaps, we chronicle the fascinating history of the drive-thru.
Click or scroll our gallery to journey through one of history's greatest fast food adventures.
The story of the drive-thru begins with the drive-in. Peddling the strapline of 'America’s Motor Lunch', the Pig Stand fast food chain – a restaurant that sees diners park up and eat their dinner at the wheel – is held up as America’s first drive-in. The very first Pig Stand – named Kirby’s Pig Stand – was built on the Dallas-Fort Worth Highway, Texas in 1921, and quickly became a national favourite, expanding into a chain across the country.
Car ownership rose dramatically through the Roaring Twenties and drive-in restaurants sprung up to cater to America's new motorists. An early purveyor of the concept was Carpenter's Sandwiches, a Californian sandwich shop with a menu of comforting classics (think homemade pies and grilled cheese). It's pictured here on a busy day in the early 1930s.
At these new-fangled restaurants, the car became the dining room. Diners would relay their order to carhops (waiters) who would return, bringing steaming plates of American comfort food right to their vehicle. This photo dates to 1932 and sees a Carpenter's Sandwiches carhop deliver dinner and a smile to parked punters.
The craze wasn’t just reserved for regular diners either; celebrity foodies soon caught drive-in fever too. This throwback snap shows silent movie star Monte Blue (known for his roles in So This Is Paris and The Marriage Circle) in Hollywood in 1933, as he's served a club sandwich in his mini racing car.
Some enduring chains were also pioneers of the drive-in concept. A&W Restaurants – a well-loved joint known for its hot dogs and root beer – opened their first drive-in spot in the 1920s in Sacramento, California. The chain is still going strong today with several retro drive-in outlets across the United States. An Orange County location is snapped here in the 1960s.
Fast-forward to the 1940s and America's love affair with the motorcar showed little sign of fizzling out. After the Second World War, car ownership began to rise once more and the drive-thru restaurant was on the near horizon – though, a drive-thru version of just about everything else came first. By this decade, drive-thru banks and even drive-thru grocery and liquor stores (as pictured in 1949 in Los Angeles, California) were commonplace.
Red's Giant Hamburg – a down-home joint along Route 66 in Springfield, Missouri – opened in 1947, and is widely credited with being America's first drive-thru restaurant. The spot began life as a gas station until owner Sheldon 'Red' Chaney decided his time would be better spent as a restaurant proprietor.
Unlike the drive-in restaurants that preceded it, Red's Hamburg (so-named as the sign didn't fit the extra 'er') had a drive-up window rather than a carhop service. The concept was a hit, and Red's continued slinging burgers for passing motorists right up until 1984, when it eventually closed its doors. Such is the restaurant's legacy, though, that a revived Red's venue opened up in 2019 in a brand new location.
Hot on the heels of Red's Hamburg was In-N-Out, a burger chain that's still a staple of America's fast food scene today. Harry and Esther Snyder founded the well-loved drive-thru in 1948, and they went one step further than Sheldon 'Red' Chaney. Their early strapline was 'No Delay', and they made sure to deliver on their promise.
The first In-N-Out was in Baldwin Park, California, and its USP was an innovative two-way speaker box that allowed drivers to order dinner without leaving their cars. It's tipped as the first fast food set-up of its kind, and it paved the way for the modern drive-thru.
The Snyders (pictured here with their kids) were a dream team, with Harry front and centre in the kitchen and Esther managing the restaurant's accounts. By night, after long days slinging burgers, Harry Snyder would also work on perfecting his pioneering speaker system. The duo's hard work paid off and a steady stream of burger-loving motorists made In-N-Out a success.
Come the 1950s, with a decade of growth and experience under their belt, In-N-Out swapped their early 'No Delay' sign for the iconic arrow ubiquitous in the American Southwest today. In this retro shot, you can make out the new sign, the vintage speaker system and the simple, no-frills menu that hasn't changed much since.
It didn't take long for copycat versions of In-N-Out and Harry Snyder's innovative speaker system to pop up around the States. This nostalgic snap dates to 1951 and shows a coiffed motorist entering a drive-thru burger and hot dog joint in Hollywood, Los Angeles.
Soon smaller American fast food chains were also getting in on the drive-thru hype. Jack-in-the-Box was founded in San Diego in 1951, and the drive-thru concept was built into the business from day one. A joint is pictured here in full swing in the 1960s.
Just like In-N-Out, Jack-in-the-Box had a two-way speaker system from the get go. The brand mascot was Jack, a giant smiling clown who sat atop the intercom box. 'Jack will speak to you' was the message greeting punters as they drove up.
In true drive-thru style, the Jack-in-the-Box menu focused on speedy-to-make, simple-to-eat foods – think hamburgers, boneless chicken and French fries, and apple turnover for dessert. In fact, the drive-thru revolutionised the quick-service food industry. Gone were the days of messy pies and chilli served at drive-ins; the drive-thru was all about foods you could easily consume on the go, so the burger reigned supreme.
Alongside menus, even cars were changing too. Many credit the invention of cup holders to the surging popularity of drive-thrus across America. Soon you'd be hard pushed to find a modern motor without one. This snap shows a car pulling up at a Jack-in-the-Box circa the 1960s.
Drive-thrus continued to pop up throughout the 1950s and 1960s, but the trusty drive-in stayed popular too. While the drive-thru catered to those in need of a quick, convenient bite, the drive-in was a more relaxed, indulgent affair. The automobile remained a novelty for many, and new car owners still savoured the chance to dine behind the wheel.
In fact, through the 1950s, the drive-in became ever more distinct from the drive-thru; in some places they were lavish affairs, with fancy menus attracting well-heeled diners, while in others, you could simply pick up a cup of coffee and relax in your car. Two young, glamorous guests dine at Tiny Naylor's Drive-In Restaurant in Los Angeles, California feature in this 1951 shot.
Another small chain to jump on the drive-thru bandwagon was Wienerschnitzel, a fast food hot dog joint founded in 1961 by John Galardi, a former Taco Bell employee. The first restaurant was in Southern California and became known for its striking A-frame drive-thrus. Now Wienerschnitzel has locations all over the States.
A now-global brand that also pioneered the drive-thru concept was Wendy's, founded in 1969 by Dave Thomas (pictured here in the early days). The very first location was in Columbus, Ohio and, of course, it featured a handy drive-thru service window. In fact, the brand tips itself as introducing the first modern drive-thru to the world, calling it a 'pick-up window'.
Following the lead of other successful drive-thru restaurants, Wendy's doled out hamburgers and super-thick shakes from day dot. Soon, a second Wendy's followed, and the brand burgeoned across the States and beyond in the following decades. The drive-thru remains a key part of the Wendy's model today.
As drive-thru fever caught on across the States, it wasn't just humans who looked forward to a snack on the road. Banks and grocery stores across the country were embracing the drive-thru model and here, at Coral Ridge National Bank in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, a pampered pooch gets his biscuits to go. The snap dates back to 1969.
While smaller chains were capitalising on the drive-thru hype, fast food juggernauts were dragging their feet. Burger King – which began as Insta-Burger King – wouldn't embrace the drive-thru window until 1975. Instead, the brand focused on a self-service model that relied on a piece of kit called 'the Insta-Broiler', which cooked burgers super-fast. An early store is pictured here.
Fast food titan McDonald's was surprisingly slow on the uptake too. Through the late 1940s and 1950s, McDonald's instead pioneered the 'Speedee Service System', where a streamlined menu was prepared super quickly, and customers would walk up and order at a self-serve window. Drive-thru service was not available, though.
The brand's success skyrocketed after businessman Ray Kroc franchised the chain in 1955, opening his first location in Des Plaines, Illinois (pictured here). However, at this point, the now ubiquitous McDonald's drive-thru was still a mere speck on the horizon.
The super-fast service and tasty hamburgers at McDonald's meant the lack of a drive-thru didn't dim the chain's success in the 1950s and 1960s. Still, the number of cars parked up in this circa 1950s shot suggests punters would soon be impatient for a drive-thru fix.
The first McDonald's drive-thru finally came in 1975, the same year as Burger King, and nearly three decades after Red's Giant Hamburg first rolled out their early version of the concept. The chosen location was Sierra Vista, southern Arizona, and a sign still proudly touts the restaurant as a world first.
By the 1980s, the drive-thru craze was catching on around the globe. The very first drive-thru restaurant in Europe (pictured here) opened in 1985 at the Nutgrove Shopping Centre in Rathfarnham in Dublin, Ireland. It was a McDonald's joint and was branded 'McDrive' in the hope of appealing to a European audience.
The UK soon followed suit. Pictured here is the nation's first McDonald's drive-thru, which opened in Fallowfield, Manchester in late 1986. The concept soon piqued the interest of Brits, and it wasn't long before more drive-thrus with golden arches began popping up across the country. Dudley in the West Midlands and Neasden in northwest London were also early hosts of the McDonald's drive-thru.
Back across the pond in Canada, the drive-thru concept was gathering just as much momentum, with Wendy's arriving in Canada in the 1970s. Meanwhile, Tim Hortons, the country's most iconic quick-service known for its donuts and coffee, gained its first drive-thru in 1985. The now globally recognised chain has become renowned for its drive-thru concept ever since.
Even Paris, the gourmet capital of the world, was swept up in the drive-thru and fast food frenzy. McDonald's had broken ground in France by the late 1970s, and in 1988 the very first McDrive opened in suburban Paris. This ad was photographed on the Paris Métro in the 1980s.
Of course, the place where it all began, the US, continued to embrace the drive-thru concept into the 1990s and beyond. By this point, drive-thru pharmacies, banks, liquor stores, grocery shops and, of course, fast food joints, pervaded the entire country. This Illinois grocery store – the Dairy Market Express Drive-Thru in Lake Zurich – took the concept one extra step, with shoppers able to motor right through the middle of the store. It's pictured here in 1990.
It wasn't all about burgers and fries anymore, either – coffee titans eventually got in on the act too. The first Starbucks drive-thru opened in 1994 in Southern California, and soon dozens of outlets followed suit. Taken in 2000, this photo shows an early walk-up and drive-thru shop without any customer seating in Lombard, Illinois.
Many predict big things for the humble drive-thru, with the rise of ordering from mobile devices, digital touchscreens and more. In 2022, Taco Bell introduced its first four-lane drive-thru, allowing up to four cars at any one time and helping to cut down queues. While some big chains, including Carl’s Jr., Wendy’s and White Castle, have begun experimenting with AI, allowing digital assistants to take orders to speed up the process. With streamlined production and menus making fast food faster than ever, further innovations are sure to come.