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A short history of chocolate

A bittersweet story
Gift from the gods
A prized elixir
A highly valued commodity
Chocolate goes global
Columbus and cacao
Divine intervention
From medicinal to pleasurable
When cacao became cocoa
Status symbol
The dark side of chocolate
Back across the Atlantic
Revolutionary rations
Moving onto solids
Raising the bar
Swiss milk chocolate arrives
Nestlé is born
Cadbury gains royal approval
Easter eggs are hatched
Smooth operator
A model village
The rise of Hershey
Soft in the middle
Household names
Cocoa hits the stock exchange
Chocolate for victory
Next level chocolate
Back to bitter
Moving to a fairer trade
Sustainable chocolate
Spoilt for choice
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A bittersweet story

Chocolate has changed dramatically over the past 2,000 years, from its beginnings as a bitter drink to the sweet, creamy bars we eat today. It's also evolved from an actual form of currency in Mesoamerica (modern Central America and southern Mexico) to a huge global market, estimated to be worth around $133.6 billion (£104.7bn) in 2024. From its heavenly associations to the chocolate bar brands we know and devour with gusto today, here's a short but sweet history of chocolate.

Ahead of World Chocolate Day on 7 July, click or scroll through our gallery to discover the fascinating history of everyone’s favourite sweet treat.

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Emily Price

05 July 2024

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